The Republican-controlled US House of Representatives voted to reject any new taxes on carbon emissions and oil production.
The vote on Friday included two non-binding actions which were intended to get Republicans on the record opposing higher taxes on fossil fuels.
It comes amid industry concern they could become part of a new tax reform debate next year.
Democratic lawmakers and environmental groups favour a carbon tax as a way to control emissions.
One resolution opposing a carbon tax as detrimental to the US economy, which was led by House Majority Whip Steve Scalise of Louisiana and backed by the privately owned Koch Industries Inc, drew support from 237 lawmakers, including 231 Republicans and six Democrats, while 163 Democrats voted against the measure.